This paper is a guiding document designed to support and empower civil society organizations—particularly youth- and women-led groups—to actively engage in monitoring the implementation of peace agreements in Yemen. It provides both a conceptual and practical framework explaining the key concepts of monitoring and verification, while analyzing the political and operational context of major peace agreements in Yemen, including the Stockholm Agreement, the Statement of Understanding on Taiz, and the Riyadh Agreement.

The document emphasizes inclusive participation and highlights the importance of integrating youth and women into both formal and informal monitoring mechanisms. It outlines practical modalities such as participation in official implementation bodies, independent civil society monitoring, documentation of violations, advocacy efforts, and capacity-building initiatives.

In addition, the paper proposes a Theory of Change demonstrating how establishing a joint youth and women monitoring mechanism can contribute to reducing conflict, strengthening human rights protection, improving community–authority relationships, and promoting sustainable and inclusive peace. Overall, the document serves as a practical guide for developing an evidence-based civil society initiative that enhances transparency, accountability, and meaningful participation in Yemen’s peace process.